:required
Quick Summary for :required
The :required CSS pseudo-class represents any <input>, <select>, or <textarea> element that has the required attribute set on it.
Code Usage for :required
/* Selects any required <input> */ input:required {   border: 1px dashed red; } 
More Details for :required

:required

The :required CSS pseudo-class represents any <input>, <select>, or <textarea> element that has the required attribute set on it.

/* Selects any required <input> */ input:required {   border: 1px dashed red; } 

This pseudo-class is useful for highlighting fields that must have valid data before a form can be submitted.

Note: The :optional pseudo-class selects optional form fields.

Syntax

:required

Examples

The required field has a red border

HTML
<form>   <div class="field">     <label for="url_input">Enter a URL:</label>     <input type="url" id="url_input">   </div>    <div class="field">     <label for="email_input">Enter an email address:</label>     <input type="email" id="email_input" required>   </div> </form> 
CSS
label {   display: block;   margin: 1px;   padding: 1px; }  .field {   margin: 1px;   padding: 1px; }  input:required {   border-color: #800000;   border-width: 3px; }  input:required:invalid {   border-color: #c00000; } 
Result

Accessibility concerns

Mandatory <input>s should have the required attribute applied to them. This will ensure that people navigating with the aid of assistive technology such as a screen reader will be able to understand which inputs need valid content to ensure a successful submission.

If the form also contains optional inputs, required inputs should be indicated visually using a treatment that does not rely solely on color to convey meaning. Typically, descriptive text and/or an icon are used.

MDN Understanding WCAG, Guideline 3.3 explanations Understanding Success Criterion 3.3.2 | W3C Understanding WCAG 2.0

Specifications

Specification
HTML Standard # selector-required
Selectors Level 4 # opt-pseudos

See also

Other validation-related pseudo-classes: :optional, :invalid, :valid Form data validation

Last modified: Aug 12, 2021, by MDN contributors

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"Olivia, my eldest daughter, caught measles when she was seven years old. As the illness took its usual course I can remember reading to her often in bed and not feeling particularly alarmed about it. Then one morning, when she was well on the road to recovery, I was sitting on her bed showing her how to fashion little animals out of coloured pipe-cleaners, and when it came to her turn to make one herself, I noticed that her fingers and her mind were not working together and she couldn’t do anything. 'Are you feeling all right?' I asked her. 'I feel all sleepy,' she said. In an hour, she was unconscious. In twelve hours she was dead. The measles had turned into a terrible thing called measles encephalitis and there was nothing the doctors could do to save her. That was...in 1962, but even now, if a child with measles happens to develop the same deadly reaction from measles as Olivia did, there would still be nothing the doctors could do to help her. On the other hand, there is today something that parents can do to make sure that this sort of tragedy does not happen to a child of theirs. They can insist that their child is immunised against measles. ...I dedicated two of my books to Olivia, the first was ‘James and the Giant Peach’. That was when she was still alive. The second was ‘The BFG’, dedicated to her memory after she had died from measles. You will see her name at the beginning of each of these books. And I know how happy she would be if only she could know that her death had helped to save a good deal of illness and death among other children."

I just checked google books for BFG, and the dedication is there. 

https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/_/quybcXrFhCIC?hl=en&gbpv=1 


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Random CSS Property

:host-context()

The :host-context() CSS pseudo-class function selects the shadow host of the shadow DOM containing the CSS it is used inside (so you can select a custom element from inside its shadow DOM) — but only if the selector given as the function's parameter matches the shadow host's ancestor(s) in the place it sits inside the DOM hierarchy.
:host-context() css reference