matrix3d()
Quick Summary for matrix3d()
The
matrix3d()
CSS function defines a 3D transformation as a 4x4 homogeneous matrix. Its result is a <transform-function>
data type.
Code Usage for matrix3d()
matrix3d(a1, b1, c1, d1, a2, b2, c2, d2, a3, b3, c3, d3, a4, b4, c4, d4)
More Details for matrix3d()
matrix3d()
The matrix3d()
CSS function defines a 3D transformation as a 4x4 homogeneous matrix. Its result is a <transform-function>
data type.
Syntax
The matrix3d()
function is specified with 16 values. They are described in the column-major order.
matrix3d(a1, b1, c1, d1, a2, b2, c2, d2, a3, b3, c3, d3, a4, b4, c4, d4)
Values
a1 b1 c1 d1 a2 b2 c2 d2 a3 b3 c3 d3Are <number>
s describing the linear transformation.
Are <number>
s describing the translation to apply.
Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^2 | Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2 | Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3 | Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3 |
---|---|---|---|
This transformation applies to the 3D space and can't be represented on the plane. | A generic 3D affine transformation can't be represented using a Cartesian-coordinate matrix, as translations are not linear transformations. | ( a1 a2 a3 a4 b1 b2 b3 b4 c1 c2 c3 c4 d1 d2 d3 d4 ) |
Examples
Cube squashing example
The following example shows a 3D cube created from DOM elements and transforms, which can be hovered/focused to apply a matrix3d()
transform to it.
<section id="example-element" tabindex="0"> <div class="face front">1</div> <div class="face back">2</div> <div class="face right">3</div> <div class="face left">4</div> <div class="face top">5</div> <div class="face bottom">6</div> </section>
CSS #example-element { width: 100px; height: 100px; transform-style: preserve-3d; transition: transform 1.5s; transform: rotate3d(1, 1, 1, 30deg); margin: 50px auto; } #example-element:hover, #example-element:focus { transform: rotate3d(1, 1, 1, 30deg) matrix3d(1,0,0,0,0,1,6,0,0,0,1,0,50,100,0,1.1); } .face { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; backface-visibility: inherit; font-size: 60px; color: #fff; } .front { background: rgba(90,90,90,.7); transform: translateZ(50px); } .back { background: rgba(0,210,0,.7); transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(50px); } .right { background: rgba(210,0,0,.7); transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(50px); } .left { background: rgba(0,0,210,.7); transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(50px); } .top { background: rgba(210,210,0,.7); transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(50px); } .bottom { background: rgba(210,0,210,.7); transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(50px); }
ResultMatrix translation and scale example
Another transform3d()
example, which implements an animated combined translate and scale.
<div class="foo"> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Quos quaerat sit soluta, quisquam exercitationem delectus qui unde in facere necessitatibus aut quia porro dolorem nesciunt enim, at consequuntur aliquam esse? </div>
CSS html { width: 100%; } body { height: 100vh; /* Centering content */ display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; justify-content: center; align-content: center; } .foo { width: 50%; padding: 1em; color: white; background: #ff8c66; border: 2px dashed black; text-align: center; font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; /* Setting up animation for better demonstration */ animation: MotionScale 2s alternate linear infinite; } @keyframes MotionScale { from { /* Identity matrix is used as basis here. The matrix below describes the following transformations: Translates every X point by -50px Translates every Y point by -100px Translates every Z point by 0 Scales down by 10% */ transform: matrix3d( 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, -50,-100,0,1.1 ); } 50% { transform: matrix3d( 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 0,0,0,0.9 ); } to { transform: matrix3d( 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 50,100,0,1.1 ) } }
ResultSpecifications
Specification |
---|
CSS Transforms Module Level 2 # funcdef-matrix3d |
See also
transform
<transform-function>
Understanding the CSS Transforms Matrix Select your preferred language English (US)Français日本語中文 (简体) Change language
Posted in
12:22 am, February 22, 2022
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