matrix3d()
Quick Summary for matrix3d()
matrix3d() CSS function defines a 3D transformation as a 4x4 homogeneous matrix. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.
Code Usage for matrix3d()
matrix3d(a1, b1, c1, d1, a2, b2, c2, d2, a3, b3, c3, d3, a4, b4, c4, d4) More Details for matrix3d()
matrix3d()
The matrix3d() CSS function defines a 3D transformation as a 4x4 homogeneous matrix. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.
Syntax
The matrix3d() function is specified with 16 values. They are described in the column-major order.
matrix3d(a1, b1, c1, d1, a2, b2, c2, d2, a3, b3, c3, d3, a4, b4, c4, d4) Values
a1 b1 c1 d1 a2 b2 c2 d2 a3 b3 c3 d3Are <number>s describing the linear transformation.
Are <number>s describing the translation to apply.
| Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^2 | Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2 | Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3 | Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| This transformation applies to the 3D space and can't be represented on the plane. | A generic 3D affine transformation can't be represented using a Cartesian-coordinate matrix, as translations are not linear transformations. | ( a1 a2 a3 a4 b1 b2 b3 b4 c1 c2 c3 c4 d1 d2 d3 d4 ) | |
Examples
Cube squashing example
The following example shows a 3D cube created from DOM elements and transforms, which can be hovered/focused to apply a matrix3d() transform to it.
<section id="example-element" tabindex="0"> <div class="face front">1</div> <div class="face back">2</div> <div class="face right">3</div> <div class="face left">4</div> <div class="face top">5</div> <div class="face bottom">6</div> </section> #example-element { width: 100px; height: 100px; transform-style: preserve-3d; transition: transform 1.5s; transform: rotate3d(1, 1, 1, 30deg); margin: 50px auto; } #example-element:hover, #example-element:focus { transform: rotate3d(1, 1, 1, 30deg) matrix3d(1,0,0,0,0,1,6,0,0,0,1,0,50,100,0,1.1); } .face { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; backface-visibility: inherit; font-size: 60px; color: #fff; } .front { background: rgba(90,90,90,.7); transform: translateZ(50px); } .back { background: rgba(0,210,0,.7); transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(50px); } .right { background: rgba(210,0,0,.7); transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(50px); } .left { background: rgba(0,0,210,.7); transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(50px); } .top { background: rgba(210,210,0,.7); transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(50px); } .bottom { background: rgba(210,0,210,.7); transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(50px); } Matrix translation and scale example
Another transform3d() example, which implements an animated combined translate and scale.
<div class="foo"> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Quos quaerat sit soluta, quisquam exercitationem delectus qui unde in facere necessitatibus aut quia porro dolorem nesciunt enim, at consequuntur aliquam esse? </div> html { width: 100%; } body { height: 100vh; /* Centering content */ display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; justify-content: center; align-content: center; } .foo { width: 50%; padding: 1em; color: white; background: #ff8c66; border: 2px dashed black; text-align: center; font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; /* Setting up animation for better demonstration */ animation: MotionScale 2s alternate linear infinite; } @keyframes MotionScale { from { /* Identity matrix is used as basis here. The matrix below describes the following transformations: Translates every X point by -50px Translates every Y point by -100px Translates every Z point by 0 Scales down by 10% */ transform: matrix3d( 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, -50,-100,0,1.1 ); } 50% { transform: matrix3d( 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 0,0,0,0.9 ); } to { transform: matrix3d( 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 50,100,0,1.1 ) } } Specifications
| Specification |
|---|
| CSS Transforms Module Level 2 # funcdef-matrix3d |
See also
transform <transform-function> Understanding the CSS Transforms Matrix Select your preferred language English (US)Français日本語中文 (简体) Change language
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"Olivia, my eldest daughter, caught measles when she was seven years old. As the illness took its usual course I can remember reading to her often in bed and not feeling particularly alarmed about it. Then one morning, when she was well on the road to recovery, I was sitting on her bed showing her how to fashion little animals out of coloured pipe-cleaners, and when it came to her turn to make one herself, I noticed that her fingers and her mind were not working together and she couldn’t do anything. 'Are you feeling all right?' I asked her. 'I feel all sleepy,' she said. In an hour, she was unconscious. In twelve hours she was dead. The measles had turned into a terrible thing called measles encephalitis and there was nothing the doctors could do to save her. That was...in 1962, but even now, if a child with measles happens to develop the same deadly reaction from measles as Olivia did, there would still be nothing the doctors could do to help her. On the other hand, there is today something that parents can do to make sure that this sort of tragedy does not happen to a child of theirs. They can insist that their child is immunised against measles. ...I dedicated two of my books to Olivia, the first was ‘James and the Giant Peach’. That was when she was still alive. The second was ‘The BFG’, dedicated to her memory after she had died from measles. You will see her name at the beginning of each of these books. And I know how happy she would be if only she could know that her death had helped to save a good deal of illness and death among other children."
I just checked google books for BFG, and the dedication is there.
https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/_/quybcXrFhCIC?hl=en&gbpv=1
Roald Dahl, 1986
