Posted in webdev

6:13 am, May 22, 2020

HEAD - A free guide to <head> elements

A list of everything that *could* go in the <head> of your document

Recommended Minimum

Below are the essential elements for any web document (websites/apps):

<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!--
  The above 2 meta tags *must* come first in the <head>
  to consistently ensure proper document rendering.
  Any other head element should come *after* these tags.
 -->
<title>Page Title</title>

meta charset - defines the encoding of the website, utf-8 is the standard

meta name=”viewport” - viewport settings related to mobile responsiveness

width=device-width means that it will use the physical width of the device (instead of zooming out) which is good with mobile friendly pages

initial-scale=1 is the initial zoom, 1 means no zoom

⬆ back to top ^[1]

Elements

Valid <head> elements include meta, link, title, style, script, noscript, and base.

These elements provide information for how a document should be perceived, and rendered, by web technologies. e.g. browsers, search engines, bots, etc.

<!--
  Set the character encoding for this document, so that
  all characters within the UTF-8 space (such as emoji)
  are rendered correctly.
-->
<meta charset="utf-8">

<!-- Set the document's title -->
<title>Page Title</title>

<!-- Set the base URL for all relative URLs within the document -->
<base href="https://example.com/page.html">

<!-- Link to an external CSS file -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

<!-- Used for adding in-document CSS -->
<style>
  /* ... */
</style>

<!-- JavaScript & No-JavaScript tags -->
<script src="script.js"></script>
<script>
  // function(s) go here
</script>
<noscript>
  <!-- No JS alternative -->
</noscript>

⬆ back to top ^[2]

<!--
  The following 2 meta tags *must* come first in the <head>
  to consistently ensure proper document rendering.
  Any other head element should come *after* these tags.
-->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

<!--
  Allows control over where resources are loaded from.
  Place as early in the <head> as possible, as the tag  
  only applies to resources that are declared after it.
-->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'">

<!-- Name of web application (only should be used if the website is used as an app) -->
<meta name="application-name" content="Application Name">

<!-- Theme Color for Chrome, Firefox OS and Opera -->
<meta name="theme-color" content="#4285f4">

<!-- Short description of the document (limit to 150 characters) -->
<!-- This content *may* be used as a part of search engine results. -->
<meta name="description" content="A description of the page">

<!-- Control the behavior of search engine crawling and indexing -->
<meta name="robots" content="index,follow"><!-- All Search Engines -->
<meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><!-- Google Specific -->

<!-- Tells Google not to show the sitelinks search box -->
<meta name="google" content="nositelinkssearchbox">

<!-- Tells Google not to provide a translation for this document -->
<meta name="google" content="notranslate">

<!-- Verify website ownership -->
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="verification_token"><!-- Google Search Console -->
<meta name="yandex-verification" content="verification_token"><!-- Yandex Webmasters -->
<meta name="msvalidate.01" content="verification_token"><!-- Bing Webmaster Center -->
<meta name="alexaVerifyID" content="verification_token"><!-- Alexa Console -->
<meta name="p:domain_verify" content="code_from_pinterest"><!-- Pinterest Console-->
<meta name="norton-safeweb-site-verification" content="norton_code"><!-- Norton Safe Web -->

<!-- Identify the software used to build the document (i.e. - WordPress, Dreamweaver) -->
<meta name="generator" content="program">

<!-- Short description of your document's subject -->
<meta name="subject" content="your document's subject">

<!-- Gives a general age rating based on the document's content -->
<meta name="rating" content="General">

<!-- Allows control over how referrer information is passed -->
<meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer">

<!-- Disable automatic detection and formatting of possible phone numbers -->
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">

<!-- Completely opt out of DNS prefetching by setting to "off" -->
<meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="off">

<!-- Specifies the document to appear in a specific frame -->
<meta http-equiv="Window-Target" content="_value">

<!-- Geo tags -->
<meta name="ICBM" content="latitude, longitude">
<meta name="geo.position" content="latitude;longitude">
<meta name="geo.region" content="country[-state]"><!-- Country code (ISO 3166-1): mandatory, state code (ISO 3166-2): optional; eg. content="US" / content="US-NY" -->
<meta name="geo.placename" content="city/town"><!-- eg. content="New York City" -->

⬆ back to top ^[3]

Link

<!-- Points to an external stylesheet -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://example.com/styles.css">

<!-- Helps prevent duplicate content issues -->
<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/article/?page=2">

<!-- Links to an AMP HTML version of the current document -->
<link rel="amphtml" href="https://example.com/path/to/amp-version.html">

<!-- Links to a JSON file that specifies "installation" credentials for the web applications -->
<link rel="manifest" href="manifest.json">

<!-- Links to information about the author(s) of the document -->
<link rel="author" href="humans.txt">

<!-- Refers to a copyright statement that applies to the link's context -->
<link rel="license" href="copyright.html">

<!-- Gives a reference to a location in your document that may be in another language -->
<link rel="alternate" href="https://es.example.com/" hreflang="es">

<!-- Provides information about an author or another person -->
<link rel="me" href="https://google.com/profiles/thenextweb" type="text/html">
<link rel="me" href="mailto:name@example.com">
<link rel="me" href="sms:+15035550125">

<!-- Links to a document that describes a collection of records, documents, or other materials of historical interest -->
<link rel="archives" href="https://example.com/archives/">

<!-- Links to top level resource in an hierarchical structure -->
<link rel="index" href="https://example.com/article/">

<!-- Provides a self reference - useful when the document has multiple possible references -->
<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://example.com/atom.xml">

<!-- The first, last, previous, and next documents in a series of documents, respectively -->
<link rel="first" href="https://example.com/article/">
<link rel="last" href="https://example.com/article/?page=42">
<link rel="prev" href="https://example.com/article/?page=1">
<link rel="next" href="https://example.com/article/?page=3">

<!-- Used when a 3rd party service is utilized to maintain a blog -->
<link rel="EditURI" href="https://example.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD">

<!-- Forms an automated comment when another WordPress blog links to your WordPress blog or post -->
<link rel="pingback" href="https://example.com/xmlrpc.php">

<!-- Notifies a URL when you link to it on your document -->
<link rel="webmention" href="https://example.com/webmention">

<!-- Enables posting to your own domain using a Micropub client -->
<link rel="micropub" href="https://example.com/micropub">

<!-- Open Search -->
<link rel="search" href="/open-search.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search Title">

<!-- Feeds -->
<link rel="alternate" href="https://feeds.feedburner.com/example" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS">
<link rel="alternate" href="https://example.com/feed.atom" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom 0.3">

<!-- Prefetching, preloading, prebrowsing -->
<!-- More info: https://css-tricks.com/prefetching-preloading-prebrowsing/ -->
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//example.com/">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.example.com/">
<link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.example.com/">
<link rel="prerender" href="https://example.com/">
<link rel="preload" href="image.png" as="image">

⬆ back to top ^[4]

Icons

<!-- For IE 10 and below -->
<!-- Place favicon.ico in the root directory - no tag necessary -->

<!-- Icon in the highest resolution we need it for -->
<link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="/path/to/icon.png">

<!-- Apple Touch Icon (reuse 192px icon.png) -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/path/to/apple-touch-icon.png">

<!-- Safari Pinned Tab Icon -->
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/path/to/icon.svg" color="blue">

⬆ back to top ^[5]

Facebook Open Graph

Most content is shared to Facebook as a URL, so it’s important that you mark up your website with Open Graph tags to take control over how your content appears on Facebook. More about Facebook Open Graph Markup ^[6]

<meta property="fb:app_id" content="123456789">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://example.com/page.html">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<meta property="og:title" content="Content Title">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="A description of what is in the image (not a caption)">
<meta property="og:description" content="Description Here">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Site Name">
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US">
<meta property="article:author" content="">

Twitter Card

With Twitter Cards, you can attach rich photos, videos and media experiences to Tweets, helping to drive traffic to your website. More about Twitter Cards ^[7]

<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@site_account">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@individual_account">
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://example.com/page.html">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Content Title">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Content description less than 200 characters">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">
<meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="A text description of the image conveying the essential nature of an image to users who are visually impaired. Maximum 420 characters.">

Twitter Privacy

If you embed tweets in your website, Twitter can use information from your site to tailor content and suggestions to Twitter users. More about Twitter privacy options ^[8].

<!-- disallow Twitter from using your site's info for personalization purposes -->
<meta name="twitter:dnt" content="on">

Schema.org

<html lang="" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article">
    <head>
      <link rel="author" href="">
      <link rel="publisher" href="">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="Content Title">
      <meta itemprop="description" content="Content description less than 200 characters">
      <meta itemprop="image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">

Note: These meta tags require the itemscope and itemtype attributes to be added to the <html> tag.

Pinterest lets you prevent people from saving things from your website, according to their help center ^[9]. The description is optional.

<meta name="pinterest" content="nopin" description="Sorry, you can't save from my website!">

Facebook Instant Articles

<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta property="op:markup_version" content="v1.0">

<!-- The URL of the web version of your article -->
<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/article.html">

<!-- The style to be used for this article -->
<meta property="fb:article_style" content="myarticlestyle">

OEmbed

<link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed"
  href="https://example.com/services/oembed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Ffoo%2F&amp;format=json"
  title="oEmbed Profile: JSON">
<link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed"
  href="https://example.com/services/oembed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Ffoo%2F&amp;format=xml"
  title="oEmbed Profile: XML">

QQ/Wechat

Users share web pages to qq wechat will have a formatted message

<meta itemprop="name" content="share title">
<meta itemprop="image" content="http://imgcache.qq.com/qqshow/ac/v4/global/logo.png">
<meta name="description" itemprop="description" content="share content">

⬆ back to top ^[10]

Browsers / Platforms

Apple iOS

<!-- Smart App Banner -->
<meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=APP_ID,affiliate-data=AFFILIATE_ID,app-argument=SOME_TEXT">

<!-- Disable automatic detection and formatting of possible phone numbers -->
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">

<!-- Launch Icon (180x180px or larger) -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/path/to/apple-touch-icon.png">

<!-- Launch Screen Image -->
<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="/path/to/launch.png">

<!-- Launch Icon Title -->
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="App Title">

<!-- Enable standalone (full-screen) mode -->
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">

<!-- Status bar appearance (has no effect unless standalone mode is enabled) -->
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">

<!-- iOS app deep linking -->
<meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=APP-ID, app-argument=http/url-sample.com">
<link rel="alternate" href="ios-app://APP-ID/http/url-sample.com">

Google Android

<meta name="theme-color" content="#E64545">

<!-- Add to home screen -->
<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<!-- More info: https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/android/installtohomescreen -->

<!-- Android app deep linking -->
<meta name="google-play-app" content="app-id=package-name">
<link rel="alternate" href="android-app://package-name/http/url-sample.com">

Google Chrome

<link rel="chrome-webstore-item" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/APP_ID">

<!-- Disable translation prompt -->
<meta name="google" content="notranslate">

Microsoft Internet Explorer

<!-- Force IE 8/9/10 to use its latest rendering engine -->
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">

<!-- Disable automatic detection and formatting of possible phone numbers by Skype Toolbar browser extension -->
<meta name="skype_toolbar" content="skype_toolbar_parser_compatible">

<!-- Windows Tiles -->
<meta name="msapplication-config" content="/browserconfig.xml">

Minimum required xml markup for browserconfig.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<browserconfig>
   <msapplication>
     <tile>
        <square70x70logo src="small.png"/>
        <square150x150logo src="medium.png"/>
        <wide310x150logo src="wide.png"/>
        <square310x310logo src="large.png"/>
     </tile>
   </msapplication>
</browserconfig>

⬆ back to top ^[11]

Browsers (Chinese)

360 Browser

<!-- Select rendering engine order -->
<meta name="renderer" content="webkit|ie-comp|ie-stand">

QQ Mobile Browser

<!-- Locks the screen into the specified orientation -->
<meta name="x5-orientation" content="landscape/portrait">

<!-- Display this document in fullscreen -->
<meta name="x5-fullscreen" content="true">

<!-- Document will be displayed in "application mode" (fullscreen, etc.) -->
<meta name="x5-page-mode" content="app">

UC Mobile Browser

<!-- Locks the screen into the specified orientation -->
<meta name="screen-orientation" content="landscape/portrait">

<!-- Display this document in fullscreen -->
<meta name="full-screen" content="yes">

<!-- UC browser will display images even if in "text mode" -->
<meta name="imagemode" content="force">

<!-- Document will be displayed in "application mode"(fullscreen, forbidding gesture, etc.) -->
<meta name="browsermode" content="application">

<!-- Disabled the UC browser's "night mode" for this document -->
<meta name="nightmode" content="disable">

<!-- Simplify the document to reduce data transfer -->
<meta name="layoutmode" content="fitscreen">

<!-- Disable the UC browser's feature of "scaling font up when there are many words in this document" -->
<meta name="wap-font-scale" content="no">

⬆ back to top ^[12]

App Links

<!-- iOS -->
<meta property="al:ios:url" content="applinks://docs">
<meta property="al:ios:app_store_id" content="12345">
<meta property="al:ios:app_name" content="App Links">

<!-- Android -->
<meta property="al:android:url" content="applinks://docs">
<meta property="al:android:app_name" content="App Links">
<meta property="al:android:package" content="org.applinks">

<!-- Web fall back -->
<meta property="al:web:url" content="https://applinks.org/documentation">

⬆ back to top ^[13]

Other Resources

⬆ back to top ^[14]

⬆ back to top ^[15]

Other Formats

⬆ back to top ^[16]

🌐 Translations

⬆ back to top ^[17]

🤝 Contributing

Open an issue or a pull request to suggest changes or additions.

Guide

The HEAD repository consists of two branches:

1. `master`

This branch consists of the README.md file that is automatically reflected on the htmlhead.dev ^[18] website. All changes to the content of the cheat sheet as such should be directed to this file.

Please follow these steps for pull requests:

Modify only one tag, or one related set of tags at a time
Use double quotes on attributes
Don’t include a trailing slash in self-closing elements — the HTML5 spec says they’re optional
Consider including a link to documentation that supports your change

2. `gh-pages`

This branch is responsible for the htmlhead.dev ^[19] website. We use Jekyll ^[20] to deploy the README.md Markdown file through GitHub Pages ^[21]. All website related modifications must be directed here.

You may want to go through the Jekyll Docs ^[22] and understand how Jekyll works before working on this branch.

Contributors

Check out all the super awesome contributors ^[23].

👤 Author

Josh Buchea

📝 License

⬆ back to top ^[24]

References

^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} More about Facebook Open Graph Markup (developers.facebook.com)
^{^} More about Twitter Cards (developer.twitter.com)
^{^} More about Twitter privacy options (dev.twitter.com)
^{^} to their help center (help.pinterest.com)
^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} ⬆ back to top
^{^} htmlhead.dev (htmlhead.dev)
^{^} htmlhead.dev (htmlhead.dev)
^{^} Jekyll (jekyllrb.com)
^{^} GitHub Pages (pages.github.com)
^{^} Jekyll Docs (jekyllrb.com)
^{^} contributors (github.com)
^{^} ⬆ back to top

keywords

No Items Found.

Add Comment

Other Items in webdev

Font Awesome Icons [ Icons ] - CSS Bundle Daily Dev Tips CSS Background Patterns by MagicPattern GitHub - ganlanyuan/tiny-slider: Vanilla javascript slider for all purposes. GitHub - jonasstrehle/supercookie: ⚠️ Browser fingerprinting via favicon! URL-encoder for SVG Bootstrap Icons · Official open source SVG icon library for Bootstrap GitHub - kognise/water.css: A drop-in collection of CSS styles to make simple websites just a little nicer Toggle light and dark themes in Bootstrap - DEV Deploy your Publish website for free on GitHub Pages - DEV Bootstrap · The most popular HTML, CSS, and JS library in the world. GitHub - diegocard/awesome-html5: A curated list of awesome HTML5 resources Fixing PHP SQLite database is locked warning - Unable to execute statement: database is locked [ php ] - KruXoR openstreetmap.org 50 Developer tools to make your life a little easier https://www.mrlacey.com/2020/07/youve-only-added-two-lines-why-did-that.html?m=1 GitHub - ForEvolve/bootstrap-dark: Bootstrap 4 dark theme that supports togging dark/light themes as well. There is no fluff, it changes the color of Bootstrap and that's it, no new thing to learn or unlearn, just Bootstrap, but Dark! Responsive Web Design Online Testing - isResponsive Trianglify.io · Low Poly Pattern Generator Grid.js - Advanced table plugin HEAD - A free guide to <head> elements Roots | Modern WordPress Development Tools A Local Dev Tool For Every Project | Lando new.css Synchronized responsive testing, development, inspection | Vanamco Gold Price Charts Widgets | GoldBroker.com Trianglify.io · Low Poly Pattern Generator Special tags that Google understands - Search Console Help 404 Error Page Codepen ScrollMagic ♥ Demo AOS - Animate on scroll library Font Awesome v4.7.0 - Icon Search Tool Carbon Offers — LowEndTalk Featherlight – The ultra slim jQuery lightbox. Tailwind CSS - A Utility-First CSS Framework for Rapidly Building Custom Designs HEAD - A free guide to <head> elements API Blueprint | API Blueprint Filtering Data Client-Side: Comparing CSS, jQuery, and React | CSS-Tricks CSS Quickies: CSS Variables - Or how you create a 🌞white/🌑dark theme easily - DEV Community 👩‍💻👨‍💻 Responsive Slider Timeline Colormind - the AI powered color palette generator Get Waves – Create SVG waves for your next design Nuxt.js - The Vue.js Framework CodeSandbox: Online Code Editor Tailored for Web Application Development Hover.css - A collection of CSS3 powered hover effects Live.js - One script closer to Designing in the Browser Color this sofa! – SVG + Blend Mode trick You Might Not Need jQuery CSS Wave Animation with a .png

Other Categories in Linx

ai apps articles cloud apps code coffee factorio games hardware health iphone lists minecraft music pi security stock images stock images tech vpn web dev web developer websites windows ai android api apps articles asp audio australia bio bitcoin blog books bootstrap career charts code editors codepens cooking css css animations daily linx data day trips design design elements drawing education emulators entrepreneur factorio fitness flowcharts fonts foobar2000 themes games hardware headphones health home automation html templates icons itunes javascript jquery js linux mac maps media mhx minecraft misc money motivation music network news nginx osrs pantheon parenting phone phones php pi products programming radio random reading reddit rs3 runescape seo shopping sqlite stock images storage tax tech technology text formatting tools trains video video editor videos wallpapers weather web web design web development web sites webdev windows wine wordpress workout youtube

Welcome

This is my test area for webdev. I keep a collection of code here, mostly for my reference. Also if i find a good link, i usually add it here and then forget about it. more...